Spiegelungssatz: a combinatorial proof for the 4-rank

Résumé

The Spiegelungssatz is an inequality between the $4$-ranks of the narrow ideal class groups of the quadratic fields $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{D})$ and $\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{-D})$. We provide a combinatorial proof of this inequality. Our interpretation gives an affine system of equations that allows to describe precisely some equality cases.

Type
Publication
Int. J. Number Theory